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An extension of a previous method for designing continuous thickeners is presented. The previous method was based on data obtained for batch testing, where the discontinuity heights corresponding to the supernatant-suspension and to the top of …
The following is an illustration of the method used in computing the area and depth required in a thickener to handle 100 tons of pulp per day, thickening from 6 parts fluid to 1 part solids down to 1.12 parts fluid to 1 part solids. Fig.7- Slime-Settling Data, Nipissing Low-Grade Mill, Cobalt, Ont.
How Sludge Treatment System Work. Waste water from wash plant feed into deep cone thickener, the concentration of waste water could be enhanced from 2% ~ 15% to 60%~ 70% by the machine, the clear water is overflow from the upper part of the thickener, achieve the purpose of sludge concreate and solid-liquid separation.
Thickener design methods based on kine- sary to expel fluid by compression, sufficient capacity matic sedimentation processes. must be given to the tank so that the pulp in compres- sion is retained in the thickener the necessary period The establishment of Kynch theory of sedimenta- of time to reach the required density.
• Disc thickeners • Volute thickeners The advantages and disadvantages of thickener types should be considered when selecting equipment. Table 1 gives an overview of the most common mechanical thickening devices and their relative operational parameters. (See note at end of fact sheet.) Parameter Drum Thickener Gravity Belt Thickener Thickening
Thickener design procedure and method (13 replies and 4 comments) (unknown) 6 years ago (unknown) 6 years ago. Can anyone please help me with a thickener design method? I need the procedures, or advice that should I keep in mind when I design one. Helena Russell.
Thickeners Monroe Environmental Circular Thickeners are a crucial step between upstream process clarifiers/separators and downstream de-watering and sludge conditioning processes. A well designed thickener provides storage and equalization, and reduces the costs associated with de-watering.
Thickener design configuration s usually consider the high rate or paste thickener options, with a tradeoff between capital cost and process performance. Design s that assume a lower settling flux ...
The torque capability of a thickener drive is specified as Duty Rating being the maximum mechanism design strength or the setting on the Torque Control Box. The torque, in turn, depends on a K factor and the thickener diameter based on the following formula:
Thickener design should provide adequate capacity to meet peak demands. 12.3.1.2 Septicity Thickener design should provide means to prevent septicity during the thickening process. Odor consideration should be considered. 12.3.1.3 Continuous Return Thickeners should be provided with a means of continuous return of
Gravity thickener design is very similar to that of primary settling basins. The mechanism of the process is also similar. Due to relatively higher solid content in sludge than that in wastewater, a heavy-duty scraper is often called for in sludge gravity thickening in order to move sludge to a hopper from which it is withdrawn and further ...
the Continuous Gravity Thickener Obtained by the New Method with those Obtained by Conventional Methods 54. LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1. Performance of Extended Aeration Unit 15 ... Critical in the design of the thickener area is the minimum solids handling capacity. Work done by Kynch [12] was quite important as it was the basis
The Talmage and Fitch and other methods of thickener design require the determination of the critical point on the sedimentation curve. As the solids settle they pass from free settling to hindered settling to compression conditions. At each of these transitions there is a discontinuity in the sedimentation curve.
There are several thickener design methods applied in the mining industry including Coe-Clevenger (Coe, 1916) or Talmage-Fitch (Talmage and Fitch, 1955) approaches.
This method which determines the thickener area required to produce a sediment of a given solids concentration at a given solids throughput (i.e. a unit area function in m2/t/d) is still widely used to size thickeners. Despite the wide use of the Talmage and Fitch method, there are certain fundamental shortcomings on which the technique is based.
The gravity thickening design is similar to a clarifier. Thickeners are usually circular-shaped; the feed is carried out through a pipe to a central hood serving as distribution and still area, with a height that has no effect on compaction or compression bottom area.
Many thickener installations operate with water recovery below design limits largely through conservative control and low prioritization of thickener optimization. The operation of the thickener must accommodate fluctuations – control for …
capital cost of equipment limit the use of this method to small treatment plants only. ١٦ 5.7 Design of gravity thickeners:-Primary and secondary sludge are either treated in separate thickeners or in one common thickener. The following table gives the design …
• Install kick plates on the gravity thickener bridge to prevent objects from falling into the tank. • An object lodged in the underflow discharge pipe or under the mechanism will quickly halt operation of the thickener. If an object falls into the tank, immediately halt thickener operation to …
3.6.3 Picket Fence Thickener Design Procedures. In practical use, there are a number of ways to calculate the basin requirements of the PFT Tank: Design Based on Experience; Design based on Laboratory Data; Design based on Calculations; Design based on Industry Construction Standards and Methods; Design based on experience is based around Solid ...
Design tools. Our application specific design of the thickener begins with the use of design methods such as Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) to examine solid particle movement within the thickener, and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for structural steel design.
Details of the classical method of design of gravity thickeners based on the analysis of batch settling tests are fully described in the various references previously cited. It is sufficient here to give results and conclusions by Mancini [6] and Dick et al. [3,4,5,11] from studies on various types of sludges.
A Critical Review of Thickener Design Methods t F. Concha and A. Barrientos Department of Metallurgical Engineering University of Concepcion* Abstract In this work we analyze, in the light of their physical foundation, the different methods of thickener design that have been proposed in the literature.
Sludge thickener apparatus and method. United States Patent 4120791. Abstract: Thickening method and apparatus includes conventional settling vessel with moving rake and pickets at the bottom thereof to promote sludge settling and compression and a plurality of inclined passageways for upwardly flowing liquid. Upflowing liquid from the hindered ...
The method requires performing [10,11,13,21,22] devised methods of thickener design. They several laboratory experiments to calculate the initial settling affirmed that one settling plot had all the information needed velocities of the solid from suspensions with dilutions from to design a thickener and therefore only one laboratory sed- the ...
Therefore, the tank design must ensure a smooth, continuous flow of liquid at the center well, the weirs, and the solids removal point. Gravity thickener designs usually include circular tanks, 3-4 m (10-13 ft) deep and up to 25 m (82 ft) in diameter. The dimensions …
The thickener was applied at various concentrations (0, 4, 8, or 12 g/l) in the pretreatment bath to determine the effect of cationization on the optimal level of thickener. The concentrations of soda ash and urea in the pre-treatment were 40 and 100 g/l respectively.The fabrics, untreated cotton and cotton cationized with 100 g/l reactant, were printed with the cyan ink at 360 and 720 dpi ...
Jar test sedimentation data is used as the basis for clarifier or thickener design. Details of design methods can be found in many texts, for example, Fitch and Stevenson (1986) and Osborne (1990). Additional information can be found in Coulson and Richardson (1991) and Rushton (1985).
Thickener design is compulsory for chemical engineering (CE) curricula and is usually introduced in courses related to unit operations. Thickening design problems are solved by geometric methods (e.g., Coe–Clevenger or Kynch–Roberts methods). However, nowadays, computers play a more and more important role in CE practice.
design calculations to determine the required thickener area, the most important design parameter, and ultimately the maximum steady state underflow concentration that is possible for a given solids throughput. In addition, the capital cost ofa thickener will be dependent on the calculated required settling area. Therefore,
PITTSBURGH—Crude oil extraction could be improved significantly and accessible domestic oil reserves could be expanded with an economical CO2 thickener being developed by University of Pittsburgh engineers, thanks to a $1.3 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy. Current oil-extraction methods across the United States involve oil being "pushed" from underground …
Research design is a plan to answer your research question. A research method is a strategy used to implement that plan. Research design and methods are different but closely related, because good research design ensures that the data you obtain will help you answer your research question more effectively.
Developing MudMax™ for Paste Thickener Bed-Level Measurement. Numerous studies and papers have been devoted to the subject of thickener design and operation to achieve specified throughput and discharge densities. Mathematical models have been developed that present methods for sizing thickeners and predicting performance under varying ...
wastewater treatment - wastewater treatment - Sludge treatment and disposal: The residue that accumulates in sewage treatment plants is called sludge (or biosolids). Sewage sludge is the solid, semisolid, or slurry residual material that is produced as a by-product of wastewater treatment processes. This residue is commonly classified as primary and secondary sludge.
The 20 M lb-ft rake design in the peripheral traction thickeners has allowed us to develop and gain the necessary experience to design and manufacture robust mechanisms that can easily handle a drive torque of 10 M lb-ft – and significantly higher – for the rake arms, etc., as was proven with our 20 M lb-ft design.
A gravity thickener has a similar process to the tanks, but it has a sloped design so that solids collect at the base. Dissolved-air flotation is another type of sludge-thickening process. Small air particles attach to the suspended solid material.
