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Exploring the Effect of Blast Design on SAG Mill Throughput at KCGM S S Kanchibotla 1, S Morrell 1, W Valery 1, P O'Loughlin 2 ABSTRACT Traditionally blasts in mining operations are designed to prepare the in-situ rock mass for excavation and subsequent transport without giving much consideration to the downstream comminution processes.
The decision was made to take a mill productivity approach, improve fragmentation as a whole and open up more options to allow the mine to treat the material in a way that stabilised and maximised throughput. The first stage of the project was to assess the effect of blast energy on fragmentation and mill throughput. ... semi-autogenous ...
Drilling down to the details of fragmentation. Figure 1. Interaction of rock strength and characterisation with blast design. Mining promises few guarantees, but a reduced ore yield is a certainty if errors are made at any stage of the complex, multi-layered drill and blast process. The potential for wasted energy, time, and opportunity costs ...
The mine-to-mill studies have shown that -10mm size generated by blasting can be considered a key performance index as this fraction has a significant effect on mill throughput.
be improved. Blast engineers measure fragmentation in ROM ore for feedback ... feed into the primary crusher. Many authors have reported: n For mines with semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mills, increasing fines in ROM ore can increase SAG mill throughput from 8 – 30%.2 n In iron ore mines, reducing fines in ROM ore can increase lump to fines ...
Such examples include using stockpile segregation to 1 10 100 1000 help reduce the effect of short term non-ag/sag mill production Size (mm) stoppages, using secondary crushing to increase throughput and More intense blast Standard blast modifying blast intensity and design to manipulate ROM size distribution to improve overall productivity.
Blasting for Improved Autogenous Milling at Hibbing Taconite Company Peter VanDelinder Jack Eloranta Michael Orobona February 2004. Abstract Blending ores of various grades is an essential function of mine engineers. Iron ore blending focuses on a …
DEM simultarion for Particle Modeling. It became clear that we needed to develop a better deflector component to improve layering. Ultimately, we used Rocky DEM to perform a charge simulation that predicted behavior of granular material, composed of a large number of particles that, together, assume characteristic behaviors of both fluids and of solids.
The Mine to Mill (M2M) strategy is a clear example of manipulating the relationship between plant throughput and feed particle size distribution (Kanchibotla, 2000, Morrell and Kojovic, 1999, Scott et al., 1999, Kojovic et al., 1995). M2M focuses on enhancing milling throughput by controlling blasting fragmentation.
Semi-Autogenous Grinding (SAG) Mill. Wet or dry; Higher capacity than A-G mill grinding; Primary, coarse grinding (up to 400 mm feed size) Grinding media is grinding feed plus 4-12% ball charge (ball dia.100- 125 mm) High capacity (short retention time) Less sensitive to feed composition (critical size material) Semi-Autogenous Mill
autogenous grinding/ball (SAB) and carbon-in-leach (CIL) ... Predict - the key process parameters and expected performance from a blasting and milling perspective for life of mine. Control - optimisation of drill and blast to improve fragmentation and throughput for the harder primary ores while
Since the 1990s many new or advanced technology tools are now available for Mine to Mill projects: blasthole sensors, new explosives formulations, new blasting techniques and modelling, ore tracking devices, improved image analysis to determine size, texture and colour of coarse ore, grade sensors, whole-stream simulation tools, and even more ...
Abrasive blasting is the general term applied to finishing processes that entail the high-pressure propulsion of a stream of abrasive material onto the surface of a workpiece. Abrasive blasting can serve many surface finishing purposes, such as removing contaminants or previous coatings, altering the shape and smoothing or roughening the surface.
The uptake of Semi Autogenous Grinding (SAG) eliminated the need for crushing plants other than a primary crusher. The use of pebble milling has seen resurgence in the use of cone crushers ...
2) Blast fragmentation modeling using the Kuz-Ram model and 3) Drill core measurements relating bed thickness to mill performance. Early findings indicate that in-situ bed thickness has an effect ...
National Institute of Technology Rourkela This is to certify that the thesis entitled " Optimization of Blasting Parameters in Opencast Mines " submitted by Sri Manmit Rout (Roll. No.: 10305019) and Sri Chinmay Kumar Parida (Roll. No.: 10305017), in fulfillment of the …
blasting for improved autogenous milling fine grinding & mill system attrition mill system layout options... many factors. determining the most cost effective and energy efficient grinding method... ball mills. their increased efficiency is partially explained by placing the grinding action...
The interface between mining and plant can be improved with the use of autogenous milling. The mill's ability to treat a large size range of head feed material provides the opportunity to optimise the overall comminution system, including blasting. Usually the mining and treatment departments are considered
throughput of semi autogenous (SAG) mills. "Mine to Mill Fragmentation" In classic metalliferous operations the ore undergoes at least three stages of breakage: blasting to prepare the ore for excavation and transport crushing to improve its handling characteristics and to prepare the ore for grinding grinding
Chemical treatment improved the resistance of the natural fibres in an alkaline environment and the tensile properties were still present. – Autogenous healing was independent of the fibre type but was mainly dependent on the initial crack width. If the crack widths remained small, this allowed autogenous healing.
AG Mill Blasting CWI RWI Rod Mill Pilot-scale HPGR SPT Lab-scale HPGR HPGR AG Pilot Plant SPI® SAGDesign JKRBT® IsaMill™ Stirred Media Detritor Vertimill® BWI Secondary Ball Mill Primary Ball Mill Sign. Plot Grey : Industrial/Production Blue : Testing Size K 80 (mm) 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1,000
SAG Semi-Autogenous Mill KPI Key Performance Indicator VOD Velocity of Detonation ... based on a limited set of data could be improved by using data mining algorithms. ... blasting performance through fragmentation analysis or mineral processing.
Batu Hijau has systematically improved long and short term mill throughput predictions since feasibility and commissioning in 1999. This has been achieved through a combination of ongoing improvement to the geology ore hardness and grade characterisation model, drill and blast optimisation and, by application of these data to model mill throughput.
Haines C and Bertoldi D. The transition from semi-autogenous to autogenous milling at Waihi Gold, in 13th AusIMM Mill Operators' Conference, Perth WA, 10-12 October 2016, pp 303-312 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy). CEEC would like to thank …
Autogenous pebble and fully autogenous grinding of limestone in a stirred media mill, with coarse limestone particles used as grinding media, were studied. The results showed that autogenous . Blasting for Improved Autogenous Milling at Hibbing . Fully autogenous mills rely on the large, competent fraction of feed to act as grinding media.
Abstract: The challenges of underground mining operations have discouraged mine-to-mill value optimisation to maximise metal production by tailoring fragmentation for plant throughput. Improved and automated blasting techniques are required for modern remote, deeper, and highly stressed operations. The definition of value is changing with investors seeking environmental, social, and governance ...
and blast. The highest operational costs in the mining process lie downstream of blasting, yet the ... affects the semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill throughput, six months of operational data was ... fragmentation profile to improve mill productivity, Orica
Blasting for Improved Autogenous Milling at Hibbing Taconite ... Hibbing Taconite mines an average of 30 million tons of ore, and 50 million tons ... The HTC processing consists of nine 36-ft diameter autogenous grinding mills ... Two obvious questions include: What is the best feed for the AG mills and what. Read more
For structures made of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP), fast, robust, and reliable repair technologies are mandatory for economical usage. In this paper, the authors explain their strategy and experiences. An automated process is proposed to achieve the challenging goals. A general overview on the origin, effects, and analysis of contaminants in CFRP structures and the relationship to ...
WASTE SORTING, COMBINED WITH AUTOGENOUS MILLING, HAS MANY ADVANTAGES Autogenous milling of kimberlite effectively concentrates waste in the mill recycle load. Historically this has been crushed, often using expensive HPGRs prior to returning to the mill feed. Waste sorting can remove a very high percentage of the basalt and granite in this ...
Blasting for Improved Autogenous Milling at Hibbing. Fully autogenous mills rely on the large competent fraction of feed to act as grinding media Research indicated that Hibtac mills require specific amounts of 6 to 10inch ore High recirculating loads require a steady influx of large rock Blast designs therefore are presently characterized by .
Typically, blasting imparts roughly three times the unit energy of primary crushing. Efforts to improve blast fragmentation can include evaluations of pattern geometry, drill-hole size and spacing, quality stemming material, blast size (with larger blasts generally minimizing edge effects), powder factor, explosive type, and detonation timing.
The mined ore is processed through a conventional semi-autogenous grinding and ball milling, including a recycle crusher, (SABC) comminution and carbon-in-leach (CIL) circuit together with a gravity gold recovery ... improved control in blast fragmentation and through this focus, major improvements in throughput will be
Wet Semi-Autogenous Grinding Mills. The primary mill liner task force was formed in 1977. Its function was to improve the operating costs and milling efficiencies of the ten 8.2-m x 5.5-m (27 ft x 18 ft) wet SAG mills that were operating at the time. The SAG mills are driven by two 3500 HP motors drawing a total of 5450 kW at 76% of critical speed.
The inherent conflict between the lowest possible mining cost and the lowest possible milling cost is reviewed here in the context of blasting for autogenous mills. Iron ore blending focuses on a number of properties-liberation values, weight recovery and concentrate silica being the most important.
Autogenous and Semiautogenous mills - AG/SAG mill drives. Mill motor gear drives can be offered for AG/SAG grinding mill as dual pinion drives with power deliver of up to 20 MW (2 x 10,000 kW), and this can be accomplished on mill sizes up to 36 ft in diameter.
